Haj, Impairment in Antiquity, q
Log of the Western Chinese language Society 58: 235-forty. Heading representations away from Mani or Manes, c. 216-276 Le, is actually talked about, which have consideration of one’s community detailed by al-Nadim (composing c. 987 Le) one to Mani are lame in feet or perhaps in their proper base. One culture could well be backed by retranslation away from a term inside the the Pahlavi Denkart (step 3.2 hundred, 1-13) (find Dinkard, above), using the title ‘broken’ or ‘crippled’ so you’re able to Mani (come across below, al-Nadim, Fihrist, pp. 773, 794).
Here, based on Michael Dols, he discussed “actual infirmities particularly facial skin conditions, lameness, paralysis, and you can deafness and personal qualities instance balding, leanness, and ugliness
Al-JAHIZ (Abu Othman Amr bin Bahr). Al-Barsan wal-Argan wal-Umyan wal-Hawlan [The Lepers, the fresh Lame, this new Blind, plus the Squinting], ed. Abdel-Salam Haroun (1998). Cairo. Al-Jahiz (776-868) is actually a respected, influential and you can somewhat unappealing journalist which have ‘goggle eyes’ (jahiz), during the Basra (today during the Iraq), whose performs might have been far quoted along side Arab community. ” Their point were to demonstrate that “actual infirmities and you will peculiarities don’t hamper a single out of being a totally productive member of this new Muslim society otherwise pub your out of very important offices. Al-Jahiz managed you to definitely physical circumstances aren’t social stigmas but are just what is generally titled signs of divine blessing otherwise favor.” (M Dols, 1983, The fresh leper when you look at the Medieval Islamic neighborhood. Speculum 58: 891-916, for the p. 901) Despite his or her own connection with bad personal reactions, al-Jahiz in one of their finest-recognized works, ‘The Miracle out-of Creation’, wrote harshly regarding the public regions of deafness. Apart from the deaf man or woman’s death of music, “Individuals are bored stiff inside the business and he was a weight to them. He could be incapable of pay attention to the people’s tales and you may talks. No matter if establish it’s like he was absent, and although real time it is as if he was in fact dry.” (quoted because of the F. v., p. 159). Come across second points. Yet another commentator notes that “Al-Barsan wal-Argan. ” is considered the most hard functions by Jahiz, and its own procedure is practically novel in the historic Arabic books. (Truth be told there will not appear to be a keen English translation offered at present).
JAIN, Jagdish C (1947) Lifestyle when you look at the Ancient Asia since the Represented from the Jain Canons. Bombay: The fresh new Guide Team. Disorder and you may treatment, and additionally some handicaps, from Jaina supply (pp. 178-81). People who have disabilities, together with rational retardation, is actually omitted out of signing up for spiritual commands (194). Pick Tattvartha Sutra, below; along with second a couple things).
[JAINA Messages] Gaina Sutras interpreted away from Prakrit, transl. Hermann Jacobi, 2 vols, (1884 and you can 1895), SBE twenty-two & forty five, Oxford: Clarendon. [The new SBE show used an enthusiastic italicised ‘G’ in lieu of ‘J’, for certain reasons. Here ‘Gaina’ might have been reinserted on the regular alphabetical acquisition for benefits.] – Brand new Akaranga Sutra (within the vol. I), of probably the 5th century Le, provided education getting a holy and you will simple lifestyle. Disability and you may handicap come, e.grams. “into devastation of your own attitudes of your ear canal, vision, body organs of smell, sampling, holding, one will get aware of brand new refuse regarding life” (vol. I: p. 15) [Bk We (2) 1]. Fruit away from completely wrong serves into the before life are: “Comes and you may leprosy, application, dropping infection, loss of sight and you will firmness, lameness and you will humpbackedness, Dropsy and dumbness, look! apoplexy (?) and FelemenkГ§e kadД±nlar evlenecek you may vision-situation, trembling and crippledness, elephantiasis and you will all forms of diabetes, They are sixteen disorder enumerated inside due order; along with them of several conditions and you may injuries exist.” (I: 54) [Bk We (6) 1.] Yet , best-inclined anybody is always to take care to have fun with inoffensive terminology when conference anyone with such as standards. They “must not cam of them similar to this: ‘He ‘s got boils otherwise leprosy, etc [incorporating the new terms shown more than]; his give is actually reduce, otherwise their foot, nose, ear, lip are cut.’ To possess because the these people, verbal in order to such language, feel resentful, and therefore, considering better, they have to perhaps not keep in touch with them this kind of code.” (I: 152-53) [Bk II, (4) dos.] – The fresh new Uttaradhyayana Sutra (into the Vol. II) in addition to notes handicap having ageing, “When your human body expands dated, along with your tresses converts white, the efficacy of the ears reduces”, likewise for the attention, nostrils, tongue, contact (II: p. 44) [section X]. – The Sutrakritanga Sutra (from inside the Vol. II) states inside the passing the fresh new “blind-created man” (p. 243), and you will “dudes which walk on crutches” (p. 269). Monks hankering just after wedding is informed of one’s dreadful disablement from you to disease: are bought in the regarding dawn right up until midnight from the wife, together with other countries in the evening relaxing babies and you can laundry their nappies (pp. 275-78). Monks who indulge in erotic pleasures try guaranteed still tough vexation after they pass away; then it “might possibly be produced deaf and dumb, or blind [footnote: both blind of the birth, otherwise undoubtedly foolish or ignorant], or stupid by the birth.” (p. 363; comparable towards the pp. 367, 430) [Bk dos (2); and dos (7)].